Three months ended												Three months ended
	June 30,				March 31,				sequential				June 30,				year-over-year
	2024				2024				change				2023				change
(In millions, except per share amounts, percentages and backlog)
Contract drilling revenues	$	861			$	763			$	98			$	729			$	132
Adjusted contract drilling revenues	$	861			$	767			$	94			$	748			$	113
Revenue efficiency (1)	96.9		%		92.9		%		4.0		%		97.2		%		(0.3		)%
Operating and maintenance expense	$	534			$	523			$	11			$	484			$	50
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest	$	(123	)		$	98			$	(221	)		$	(165	)		$	42
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	(0.15	)		$	0.11			$	(0.26	)		$	(0.22	)		$	0.07
Adjusted EBITDA	$	284			$	199			$	85			$	237			$	47
Adjusted EBITDA margin	33.0		%		26.0		%		7.0		%		31.7		%		1.3		%
Adjusted net loss	$	(123	)		$	(22	)		$	(101	)		$	(110	)		$	(13	)
Adjusted diluted loss per share	$	(0.15	)		$	(0.03	)		$	(0.12	)		$	(0.15	)		$	—
Backlog as of the July 2024 Fleet Status Report	$	8.64 billion

STEINHAUSEN, Switzerland, July 31, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Transocean Ltd. (NYSE: RIG) today reported a net loss attributable to controlling interest of $123 million, $0.15 per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Second quarter results included certain favorable and unfavorable items, that were offsetting (see attached schedule).

Contract drilling revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased sequentially by $98 million to $861 million, primarily due to increased rig utilization and higher revenue efficiency across the fleet. This was partially offset by lower reimbursable revenue and lower revenues resulting from the sale of Paul B. Loyd, Jr.

Operating and maintenance expense was $534 million, compared with $523 million in the prior quarter. The sequential increase was primarily due to rigs returning to work after undergoing contract preparation in the first quarter and increased costs associated with the early retirement of certain personnel. This was partially offset by lower reimbursed expenses and lower operating costs resulting from the sale of Paul B. Loyd, Jr.

General and administrative expense was $59 million, up from $52 million in the first quarter. The increase was primarily due to costs associated with the early retirement of certain personnel and professional fees.

After consideration of the favorable adjustment of $69 million and $10 million in the second and first quarter, respectively, for the fair value of the bifurcated exchange feature related to the 4.625% exchangeable bonds, interest expense net of capitalized amounts was $143 million, compared to $127 million in the prior quarter. Interest income was $14 million, compared to $15 million in the previous quarter.

The Effective Tax Rate⁽²⁾ was 474.5%, up from 206.0% in the prior quarter. The increase was primarily due to increased income before tax. The Effective Tax Rate excluding discrete items was 416.3% compared to 76.9% in the previous quarter.

Cash provided by operating activities was $133 million during the second quarter of 2024, representing an increase of $219 million compared to $86 million cash used in operating activities in the prior quarter. The sequential increase was primarily due to timing of interest payments, decreased payments for payroll-related costs and increased cash collected from customers.

Second quarter 2024 capital expenditures of $84 million were primarily associated with the newbuild ultra-deepwater drillship Deepwater Aquila. This compares with $83 million in the prior quarter.

“The entire Transocean team executed well in the second quarter, delivering strong uptime performance for our customers, which drove revenue efficiency to 97% and produced 33% Adjusted EBITDA margins,” said Chief Executive Officer, Jeremy Thigpen. “In addition, the team recently secured a number of meaningful contracts, which are illustrative of current industry dynamics and reinforce our view that we are in an increasingly tightening market. Of these contracts, we are especially excited to continue 20K operations with Beacon in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico.”

Thigpen concluded, “As we continue to secure work for our fleet, our focus remains on optimizing our portfolio of assets to maximize EBITDA and generate free cash flows, which we can use to de-lever the balance sheet.”

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We present our operating results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). We believe certain financial measures, such as Adjusted Contract Drilling Revenues, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income, which are non-GAAP measures, provide users of our financial statements with supplemental information that may be useful in evaluating our operating performance. We believe that such non-GAAP measures, when read in conjunction with our operating results presented under U.S. GAAP, can be used to better assess our performance from period to period and relative to performance of other companies in our industry, without regard to financing methods, historical cost basis or capital structure. Such non-GAAP measures should be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

All non-GAAP measure reconciliations to the most comparative U.S. GAAP measures are displayed in quantitative schedules on the company’s website at: www.deepwater.com.

About Transocean

Transocean is a leading international provider of offshore contract drilling services for oil and gas wells. The company specializes in technically demanding sectors of the global offshore drilling business with a particular focus on ultra-deepwater and harsh environment drilling services, and operates the highest specification floating offshore drilling fleet in the world.

Transocean owns or has partial ownership interests in and operates a fleet of 36 mobile offshore drilling units, consisting of 28 ultra-deepwater floaters and eight harsh environment floaters.

For more information about Transocean, please visit: www.deepwater.com.

Conference Call Information

Transocean will conduct a teleconference starting at 11 a.m. EDT, 5 p.m. CEST, on Thursday, August 1, 2024, to discuss the results. To participate, dial +1 785-424-1222 and refer to conference code 119567 approximately 15 minutes prior to the scheduled start time.

The teleconference will be simulcast in a listen-only mode at: www.deepwater.com, by selecting Investors, News, and Webcasts. Supplemental materials that may be referenced during the teleconference will be available at: www.deepwater.com, by selecting Investors, Financial Reports.

A replay of the conference call will be available after 2 p.m. EDT, 8 p.m. CEST, on Thursday, August 1, 2024. The replay, which will be archived for approximately 30 days, can be accessed at +1 402-220-1119, passcode 119567. The replay will also be available on the company’s website.

Forward-Looking Statements

The statements described herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements could contain words such as “possible,” “intend,” “will,” “if,” “expect,” or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions, and are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. As a result, actual results could differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, estimated duration of customer contracts, contract dayrate amounts, future contract commencement dates and locations, planned shipyard projects and other out-of-service time, sales of drilling units, timing of the company’s newbuild deliveries, operating hazards and delays, risks associated with international operations, actions by customers and other third parties, the fluctuation of current and future prices of oil and gas, the global and regional supply and demand for oil and gas, the intention to scrap certain drilling rigs, the success of our business following prior acquisitions, the effects of the spread of and mitigation efforts by governments, businesses and individuals related to contagious illnesses, and other factors, including those and other risks discussed in the company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and in the company’s other filings with the SEC, which are available free of charge on the SEC’s website at: www.sec.gov. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize (or the other consequences of such a development worsen), or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those indicated or expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the company or to persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by reference to these risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur, or which we become aware of, after the date hereof, except as otherwise may be required by law. All non-GAAP financial measure reconciliations to the most comparative GAAP measure are displayed in quantitative schedules on the company’s website at: www.deepwater.com.

This press release, or referenced documents, do not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities, and do not constitute an offering prospectus within the meaning of the Swiss Financial Services Act (“FinSA”) or advertising within the meaning of the FinSA. Investors must rely on their own evaluation of Transocean and its securities, including the merits and risks involved. Nothing contained herein is, or shall be relied on as, a promise or representation as to the future performance of Transocean.

Notes 

(1) Revenue efficiency is defined as actual operating revenues, excluding revenues for contract terminations and reimbursements, for the measurement period divided by the maximum revenue calculated for the measurement period, expressed as a percentage. Maximum revenue is defined as the greatest amount of contract drilling revenues the drilling unit could earn for the measurement period, excluding revenues for incentive provisions, reimbursements and contract terminations. See the accompanying schedule entitled “Revenue Efficiency.”

(2) Effective Tax Rate is defined as income tax expense or benefit divided by income or loss before income taxes. See the accompanying schedule entitled “Supplemental Effective Tax Rate Analysis.”

Analyst Contact:
Alison Johnson
+1 713-232-7214

Media Contact:
Pam Easton
+1 713-232-7647

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In millions, except per share data) (Unaudited)
	Three months ended								Six months ended
	June 30,								June 30,
	2024				2023				2024				2023
Contract drilling revenues	$	861			$	729			$	1,624			$	1,378
Costs and expenses
Operating and maintenance		534				484				1,057				893
Depreciation and amortization		184				186				369				368
General and administrative		59				48				111				93
		777				718				1,537				1,354
Loss on impairment of assets		(143	)			(53	)			(143	)			(53	)
Loss on disposal of assets, net		—				—				(6	)			(170	)
Operating loss		(59	)			(42	)			(62	)			(199	)
Other income (expense), net
Interest income		14				11				29				30
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized		(74	)			(168	)			(191	)			(417	)
Gain (loss) on retirement of debt		140				—				140				(32	)
Other, net		12				18				24				23
		92				(139	)			2				(396	)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)		33				(181	)			(60	)			(595	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		156				(16	)			(35	)			35
Net loss		(123	)			(165	)			(25	)			(630	)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—				—				—				—
Net loss attributable to controlling interest	$	(123	)		$	(165	)		$	(25	)		$	(630	)
Loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.15	)		$	(0.22	)		$	(0.03	)		$	(0.85	)
Weighted-average shares, basic and diluted		824				761				821				745

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In millions, except share data) (Unaudited)
	June 30,				December 31,
	2024				2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	475			$	762
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $2 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023		607				512
Materials and supplies, net of allowance of $197 and $198 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		440				426
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		400				233
Other current assets		213				193
Total current assets		2,135				2,126
Property and equipment		24,066				23,875
Less accumulated depreciation		(6,983	)			(6,934	)
Property and equipment, net		17,083				16,941
Contract intangible assets		—				4
Deferred tax assets, net		30				44
Other assets		1,077				1,139
Total assets	$	20,325			$	20,254
Liabilities and equity
Accounts payable	$	296			$	323
Accrued income taxes		22				23
Debt due within one year		526				370
Other current liabilities		729				681
Total current liabilities		1,573				1,397
Long-term debt		6,775				7,043
Deferred tax liabilities, net		470				540
Other long-term liabilities		798				858
Total long-term liabilities		8,043				8,441
Commitments and contingencies
Shares, $0.10 par value, 1,057,879,029 authorized, 141,262,093 conditionally authorized, 940,828,901 issued and 875,456,314 outstanding at June 30, 2024, and CHF 0.10 par value, 1,021,294,549 authorized, 142,362,093 conditionally authorized, 843,715,858 issued and 809,030,846 outstanding at December 31, 2023		87				81
Additional paid-in capital		14,859				14,544
Accumulated deficit		(4,058	)			(4,033	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(180	)			(177	)
Total controlling interest shareholders’ equity		10,708				10,415
Noncontrolling interest		1				1
Total equity		10,709				10,416
Total liabilities and equity	$	20,325			$	20,254

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In millions) (Unaudited)
	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2024				2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(25	)		$	(630	)
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of contract intangible asset		4				37
Depreciation and amortization		369				368
Share-based compensation expense		26				20
Loss on impairment of assets		143				53
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliate		5				—
Loss on disposal of assets, net		6				170
Fair value adjustment to bifurcated compound exchange feature		(79	)			179
Amortization of debt-related balances, net		26				25
(Gain) loss on retirement of debt		(140	)			32
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)		(56	)			27
Other, net		(3	)			21
Changes in deferred revenues, net		97				27
Changes in deferred costs, net		(49	)			(37	)
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities, net		(277	)			(182	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		47				110
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures		(167	)			(157	)
Investment in loan to unconsolidated affiliate		(3	)			—
Investment in equity of unconsolidated affiliate		—				(10	)
Proceeds from disposal of assets, net		51				4
Cash acquired in acquisition of unconsolidated affiliate		5				—
Net cash used in investing activities		(114	)			(163	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments of debt		(1,815	)			(1,568	)
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of issue costs		1,767				1,665
Other, net		(5	)			(1	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(53	)			96
Net increase (decrease) in unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents		(120	)			43
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		995				991
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	875			$	1,034

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FLEET OPERATING STATISTICS
	Three months ended
	June 30,				March 31,				June 30,
Contract Drilling Revenues (in millions)	2024				2024				2023
Ultra-deepwater floaters	$	606			$	569			$	536
Harsh environment floaters		255				194				193
Total contract drilling revenues	$	861			$	763			$	729

	Three months ended
	June 30,				March 31,				June 30,
Average Daily Revenue (1)	2024				2024				2023
Ultra-deepwater floaters	$	433,900			$	422,900			$	380,600
Harsh environment floaters		449,600				367,900				332,000
Total fleet average daily revenue	$	438,300			$	408,200			$	367,000

	Three months ended
	June 30,				March 31,				June 30,
Utilization (2)	2024				2024				2023
Ultra-deepwater floaters		53.5	%			51.2	%			53.7	%
Harsh environment floaters		73.0	%			62.0	%			57.7	%
Total fleet average rig utilization		57.8	%			53.7	%			54.7	%

	Three months ended
	June 30,				March 31,				June 30,
Revenue Efficiency (3)	2024				2024				2023
Ultra-deepwater floaters		96.5	%			92.7	%			97.3	%
Harsh environment floaters		98.1	%			93.3	%			96.8	%
Total fleet average revenue efficiency		96.9	%			92.9	%			97.2	%
(1) Average daily revenue is defined as operating revenues, excluding revenues for contract terminations, reimbursements and contract intangible amortization, earned per operating day. An operating day is defined as a day for which a rig is contracted to earn a dayrate during the firm contract period after operations commence.
(2) Rig utilization is defined as the total number of operating days divided by the total number of rig calendar days in the measurement period, expressed as a percentage.
(3) Revenue efficiency is defined as actual operating revenues, excluding revenues for contract terminations and reimbursements, for the measurement period divided by the maximum revenue calculated for the measurement period, expressed as a percentage. Maximum revenue is defined as the greatest amount of contract drilling revenues the drilling unit could earn for the measurement period, excluding revenues for incentive provisions, reimbursements and contract terminations.

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILIATIONS
ADJUSTED NET INCOME (LOSS) AND ADJUSTED DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
(in millions, except per share data)
	YTD				QTD				YTD
	06/30/24				06/30/24				03/31/24
Adjusted Net Loss
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest, as reported	$	(25	)		$	(123	)		$	98
Loss on impairment of assets, net of tax		138				138				—
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates		5				4				1
Gain on retirement of debt		(140	)			(140	)			—
Discrete tax items		(123	)			(2	)			(121	)
Net loss, as adjusted	$	(145	)		$	(123	)		$	(22	)
Adjusted Diluted Loss Per Share:
Diluted earnings (loss) per share, as reported	$	(0.03	)		$	(0.15	)		$	0.11
Loss on impairment of assets, net of tax		0.17				0.17				—
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates		—				—				—
Gain on retirement of debt		(0.17	)			(0.17	)			—
Discrete tax items		(0.15	)			—				(0.14	)
Diluted loss per share, as adjusted	$	(0.18	)		$	(0.15	)		$	(0.03	)

	YTD				QTD				YTD				QTD				YTD				QTD				YTD
	12/31/23				12/31/23				09/30/23				09/30/23				06/30/23				06/30/23				03/31/23
Adjusted Net Loss
Net loss attributable to controlling interest, as reported	$	(954	)		$	(104	)		$	(850	)		$	(220	)		$	(630	)		$	(165	)		$	(465	)
Loss on impairment of assets		57				(1	)			58				5				53				53				—
Loss on disposal of assets, net		169				—				169				—				169				—				169
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliate		5				5				—				—				—				—				—
Loss on conversion of debt to equity		27				24				3				—				3				3				—
(Gain) loss on retirement of debt		31				(1	)			32				—				32				—				32
Discrete tax items		(74	)			3				(77	)			(65	)			(12	)			(1	)			(11	)
Net loss, as adjusted	$	(739	)		$	(74	)		$	(665	)		$	(280	)		$	(385	)		$	(110	)		$	(275	)
Adjusted Diluted Loss Per Share:
Diluted loss per share, as reported	$	(1.24	)		$	(0.13	)		$	(1.13	)		$	(0.28	)		$	(0.85	)		$	(0.22	)		$	(0.64	)
Loss on impairment of assets		0.07				—				0.08				0.01				0.07				0.07				—
Loss on disposal of assets, net		0.22				—				0.23				—				0.23				—				0.23
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliate		0.01				0.01				—				—				—				—				—
Loss on conversion of debt to equity		0.04				0.03				—				—				—				—				—
(Gain) loss on retirement of debt		0.04				—				0.04				—				0.04				—				0.04
Discrete tax items		(0.10	)			—				(0.10	)			(0.09	)			(0.01	)			—				(0.01	)
Diluted loss per share, as adjusted	$	(0.96	)		$	(0.09	)		$	(0.88	)		$	(0.36	)		$	(0.52	)		$	(0.15	)		$	(0.38	)

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILIATIONS ADJUSTED CONTRACT DRILLING REVENUES EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST, TAXES, DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION AND RELATED MARGINS (in millions, except percentages)
	YTD				QTD				YTD
	06/30/24				06/30/24				03/31/24
Contract drilling revenues	$	1,624			$	861			$	763
Contract intangible asset amortization		4				—				4
Adjusted Contract Drilling Revenues	$	1,628			$	861			$	767
Net income (loss)	$	(25	)		$	(123	)		$	98
Interest expense, net of interest income		162				60				102
Income tax expense (benefit)		(35	)			156				(191	)
Depreciation and amortization		369				184				185
Contract intangible asset amortization		4				—				4
EBITDA		475				277				198
Loss on impairment of assets		143				143				—
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates		5				4				1
Gain on retirement of debt		(140	)			(140	)			—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	483			$	284			$	199
Profit (loss) margin		(1.5	)%			(14.3	)%			12.9
EBITDA margin		29.2	%			32.2	%			25.8
Adjusted EBITDA margin		29.7	%			33.0	%			26.0

	YTD				QTD				YTD				QTD				YTD				QTD				YTD
	12/31/23				12/31/23				09/30/23				09/30/23				06/30/23				06/30/23				03/31/23
Contract drilling revenues	$	2,832			$	741			$	2,091			$	713			$	1,378			$	729			$	649
Contract intangible asset amortization		52				7				45				8				37				19				18
Adjusted Contract Drilling Revenues	$	2,884			$	748			$	2,136			$	721			$	1,415			$	748			$	667
Net loss	$	(954	)		$	(104	)		$	(850	)		$	(220	)		$	(630	)		$	(165	)		$	(465	)
Interest expense, net of interest income		594				(13	)			607				220				387				157				230
Income tax expense (benefit)		13				21				(8	)			(43	)			35				(16	)			51
Depreciation and amortization		744				184				560				192				368				186				182
Contract intangible asset amortization		52				7				45				8				37				19				18
EBITDA		449				95				354				157				197				181				16
Loss on impairment of assets		57				(1	)			58				5				53				53				—
Loss on disposal of assets, net		169				—				169				—				169				—				169
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliate		5				5				—				—				—				—				—
Loss on conversion of debt to equity		27				24				3				—				3				3				—
(Gain) loss on retirement of debt		31				(1	)			32				—				32				—				32
Adjusted EBITDA	$	738			$	122			$	616			$	162			$	454			$	237			$	217
Loss margin		(33.7	)%			(14.0	)%			(40.7	)%			(30.9	)%			(45.7	)%			(22.6	)%			(71.6	)%
EBITDA margin		15.6	%			12.7	%			16.6	%			21.8	%			13.9	%			24.2	%			2.4	%
Adjusted EBITDA margin		25.6	%			16.3	%			28.9	%			22.5	%			32.1	%			31.7	%			32.5	%

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL EFFECTIVE TAX RATE ANALYSIS
(in millions, except tax rates)
	Three months ended												Six months ended
	June 30,				March 31,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
	2024				2024				2023				2024				2023
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	33			$	(93	)		$	(181	)		$	(60	)		$	(595	)
Loss on impairment of assets		143				—				53				143				53
Loss on disposal of assets, net		—				—				—				—				169
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates		4				1				—				5				—
Loss on conversion of debt to equity		—				—				3				—				3
(Gain) loss on retirement of debt		(140	)			—				—				(140	)			32
Adjusted income (loss) before income taxes	$	40			$	(92	)		$	(125	)		$	(52	)		$	(338	)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	156			$	(191	)		$	(16	)		$	(35	)		$	35
Loss on impairment of assets		5				—				—				5				—
Loss on disposal of assets, net		—				—				—				—				—
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates		—				—				—				—				—
Loss on conversion of debt to equity		—				—				—				—				—
(Gain) loss on retirement of debt		—				—				—				—				—
Changes in estimates (1)		2				121				1				123				12
Adjusted income tax expense (benefit) (2)	$	163			$	(70	)		$	(15	)		$	93			$	47
Effective Tax Rate (3)		474.5	%			206.0	%			8.8	%			57.8	%			(5.9	)%
Effective Tax Rate, excluding discrete items (4)		416.3	%			76.9	%			11.7	%			(179.3	)%			(14.0	)%
(1) Our estimates change as we file tax returns, settle disputes with tax authorities, or become aware of changes in laws and other events that have an effect on our (a) deferred taxes, (b) valuation allowances on deferred taxes and (c) other tax liabilities.
(2) The three months ended June 30, 2024 included $234 million of additional tax expense, reflecting the cumulative effect of a decrease in the annual effective tax rate from the previous quarter estimate.
(3) Our effective tax rate is calculated as income tax expense or benefit divided by income or loss before income taxes.
(4) Our effective tax rate, excluding discrete items, is calculated as income tax expense or benefit, excluding various discrete items (such as changes in estimates and tax on items excluded from income before income taxes), divided by income or loss before income taxes, excluding gains and losses on sales and similar items pursuant to the accounting standards for income taxes related to estimating the annual effective tax rate.

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