TransUnion Announces First Quarter 2024 Results

• Exceeded first quarter 2024 financial guidance, delivering first $1 billion revenue quarter in company history
• Grew revenue by 9 percent, driven by U.S. mortgage, International and Emerging Verticals
• Achieved key milestones in our transformation program, including significant hiring in our Global Capability Centers and migration of key applications onto OneTru solutions enablement platform
• Raising 2024 financial guidance, we now expect to deliver 5 to 6.5 percent revenue growth for the year

CHICAGO, April 25, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — TransUnion (NYSE: TRU) (the “Company”) today announced financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

First Quarter 2024 Results

Revenue:

• Total revenue for the quarter was $1,021 million, an increase of 9 percent (8 percent on a constant currency basis), compared with the first quarter of 2023.

Earnings:

• Net income attributable to TransUnion was $65 million for the quarter, compared with $53 million for the first quarter of 2023. Diluted earnings per share was $0.33, compared with $0.27 in the first quarter of 2023. Net income attributable to TransUnion margin was 6.4 percent, compared with 5.6 percent in the first quarter of 2023.
• Adjusted Net Income was $179 million for the quarter, compared with $155 million for the first quarter of 2023. Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share was $0.92, compared with $0.80 in the first quarter of 2023.
• Adjusted EBITDA was $358 million for the quarter, compared with $322 million for the first quarter of 2023, an increase of 11 percent (11 percent on a constant currency basis). Adjusted EBITDA margin was 35.1 percent, compared with 34.3 percent in the first quarter of 2023.

“TransUnion exceeded first quarter financial guidance, delivering the first $1 billion revenue quarter in our history,” said Chris Cartwright, President and CEO. “U.S. Markets grew primarily due to mortgage and key Emerging Verticals such as Insurance and Media, as lending conditions remained largely consistent with the prior quarter. International again drove double-digit growth, led by India, Canada and Asia Pacific.”

“We made important progress in our transformation program, adding significant headcount to further build out our Global Capability Center network and consolidating key applications onto our OneTru platform. These actions add to our confidence in delivering against our savings commitments while increasing the pace and breadth of our innovation.”

“We are raising our 2024 guidance following first quarter outperformance and now expect to deliver 5 to 6.5 percent revenue growth for the year. We remain focused on driving strong results in a low-growth market environment, with no assumed in-year benefits from interest rate cuts.”

First Quarter 2024 Segment Results

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the Company reorganized its operations to merge its Consumer Interactive operating segment with its U.S. Markets operating segment, moved the responsibility for certain international operations previously managed within the U.S. Markets segment to certain regions within the International segment, and moved responsibility for certain revenue in our U.S. Markets segment previously managed within our Financial Services vertical to our Emerging Verticals. We have recast our historical segment financial information to reflect this reorganization as further described in our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2024.

U.S. Markets:

U.S. Markets revenue was $789 million, an increase of 7 percent compared with the first quarter of 2023.

• Financial Services revenue was $352 million, an increase of 13 percent compared with the first quarter of 2023.
• Emerging Verticals revenue was $298 million, an increase of 4 percent compared with the first quarter of 2023.
• Consumer Interactive revenue was $139 million, a decrease of 2 percent compared with the first quarter of 2023.

Adjusted EBITDA was $285 million, an increase of 6 percent compared with the first quarter of 2023.

International:

International revenue was $236 million, an increase of 16 percent (15 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the first quarter of 2023.

• Canada revenue was $38 million, an increase of 19 percent (18 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the first quarter of 2023.
• Latin America revenue was $33 million, an increase of 14 percent (7 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the first quarter of 2023.
• United Kingdom revenue was $54 million, an increase of 4 percent (flat on a constant currency basis) compared with the first quarter of 2023.
• Africa revenue was $15 million, an increase of 3 percent (12 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the first quarter of 2023.
• India revenue was $71 million, an increase of 30 percent (31 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the first quarter of 2023.
• Asia Pacific revenue was $25 million, an increase of 17 percent (17 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the first quarter of 2023.

Adjusted EBITDA was $107 million, an increase of 22 percent (21 percent on a constant currency basis) compared with the first quarter of 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents was $434 million at March 31, 2024 and $476 million at December 31, 2023.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash provided by operating activities was $54 million, compared with $77 million in 2023. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was due primarily to payments made for our operating model optimization program. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash used in investing activities was $62 million, compared with $104 million in 2023. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was due primarily to a decrease in cash used for investments in nonconsolidated affiliates. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, capital expenditures were $62 million, compared with $67 million in 2023. Capital expenditures as a percent of revenue represented 6% and 7% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash used in financing activities was $31 million, compared with $122 million in 2023. The decrease in cash used in financing activities was due primarily to a decrease in debt prepayments. On February 8, 2024, the Company refinanced its Senior Secured Term Loan B-6 with Senior Secured Term Loan B-7.

Second Quarter and Full Year 2024 Outlook

Our guidance is based on a number of assumptions that are subject to change, many of which are outside of the control of the Company, including general macroeconomic conditions, interest rates and inflation. There are numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict. There can be no assurance that the Company will achieve the results expressed by this guidance.

1. Additional revenue growth assumptions:
   1. The impact of changing foreign currency exchange rates is expected to have an insignificant impact for Q2 2024 and FY 2024.
   2. There is no impact from recent acquisitions for Q2 2024 and FY 2024.
   3. The impact of mortgage is expected to be approximately 3 points of benefit for Q2 2024 and 3 points of benefit for FY 2024. These impacts are calculated by removing the U.S. mortgage revenue from both the current year and prior year periods.
2. Constant currency growth rates assume foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
3. Organic constant currency growth rates are constant currency growth excluding inorganic growth. Inorganic growth represents growth attributable to the first twelve months of activity for recent business acquisitions. There is no impact from recent business acquisitions in Q2 2024 and FY 2024.
4. Additional Adjusted EBITDA assumptions:
   1. The impact of changing foreign currency exchange rates is expected to have an insignificant impact for Q2 2024 and FY 2024.
5. For a reconciliation of the above non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, refer to Schedule 7 of this Earnings Release.

Earnings Webcast Details

In conjunction with this release, TransUnion will host a conference call and webcast today at 8:30 a.m. Central Time to discuss the business results for the quarter and certain forward-looking information. This session and the accompanying presentation materials may be accessed at www.transunion.com/tru. A replay of the call will also be available at this website following the conclusion of the call.

About TransUnion (NYSE: TRU)

TransUnion is a global information and insights company with over 13,000 associates operating in more than 30 countries. We make trust possible by ensuring each person is reliably represented in the marketplace. We do this with a Tru™ picture of each person: an actionable view of consumers, stewarded with care. Through our acquisitions and technology investments we have developed innovative solutions that extend beyond our strong foundation in core credit into areas such as marketing, fraud, risk and advanced analytics. As a result, consumers and businesses can transact with confidence and achieve great things. We call this Information for Good^® — and it leads to economic opportunity, great experiences and personal empowerment for millions of people around the world.

http://www.transunion.com/business

Availability of Information on TransUnion’s Website

Investors and others should note that TransUnion routinely announces material information to investors and the marketplace using SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls, webcasts and the TransUnion Investor Relations website. While not all of the information that the Company posts to the TransUnion Investor Relations website is of a material nature, some information could be deemed to be material. Accordingly, the Company encourages investors, the media and others interested in TransUnion to review the information that it shares on www.transunion.com/tru.

Forward-Looking Statements

This earnings release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of TransUnion’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Any statements made in this earnings release that are not statements of historical fact, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations, including our guidance and descriptions of our business plans and strategies. These statements often include words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “guidance,” “suggest,” “plan,” “believe,” “intend,” “estimate,” “target,” “project,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “will,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “potential,” “continues,” “seeks,” “predicts,” or the negatives of these words and other similar expressions.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, or that could materially affect our financial results or such forward-looking statements include:

• macroeconomic effects and changes in market conditions, including the impact of inflation, risk of recession, and industry trends and adverse developments in the debt, consumer credit and financial services markets, including the impact on the carrying value of our assets in all of the markets where we operate;
• our ability to provide competitive services and prices;
• our ability to retain or renew existing agreements with large or long-term customers;
• our ability to maintain the security and integrity of our data;
• our ability to deliver services timely without interruption;
• our ability to maintain our access to data sources;
• government regulation and changes in the regulatory environment;
• litigation or regulatory proceedings;
• our ability to effectively manage our costs;
• our efforts to execute our transformation plan and achieve the anticipated benefits and savings;
• our ability to remediate existing material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures;
• economic and political stability in the United States and international markets where we operate;
• our ability to effectively develop and maintain strategic alliances and joint ventures;
• our ability to timely develop new services and the market’s willingness to adopt our new services;
• our ability to manage and expand our operations and keep up with rapidly changing technologies;
• our ability to acquire businesses, successfully secure financing for our acquisitions, timely consummate our acquisitions, successfully integrate the operations of our acquisitions, control the costs of integrating our acquisitions and realize the intended benefits of such acquisitions;
• our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property, trade secrets and other forms of unpatented intellectual property;
• our ability to defend our intellectual property from infringement claims by third parties;
• geopolitical conditions and other risks associated with our international operations;
• the ability of our outside service providers and key vendors to fulfill their obligations to us;
• further consolidation in our end-customer markets;
• the increased availability of free or inexpensive consumer information;
• losses against which we do not insure;
• our ability to make timely payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness;
• our ability to satisfy covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness;
• our ability to maintain our liquidity;
• share repurchase plans; and
• our reliance on key management personnel.

There may be other factors, many of which are beyond our control, that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, including factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this report in the context of these risks and uncertainties.

The forward-looking statements contained in this earnings release speak only as of the date of this earnings release. We undertake no obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this earnings release.

For More Information

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

We present Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share, Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes, Adjusted Effective Tax Rate and Leverage Ratio for all periods presented. These are important financial measures for the Company but are not financial measures as defined by GAAP. These financial measures should be reviewed in conjunction with the relevant GAAP financial measures and are not presented as alternative measures of GAAP. Other companies in our industry may define or calculate these measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. Because of these limitations, these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, including operating income, operating margin, effective tax rate, net income attributable to the Company, diluted earnings per share or cash provided by operating activities. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are presented in the tables below.

We present Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share, Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes and Adjusted Effective Tax Rate as supplemental measures of our operating performance because these measures eliminate the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our cash operations and ongoing operating performance. These are measures frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of the operating performance of companies similar to ours.

Our board of directors and executive management team use Adjusted EBITDA as an incentive compensation measure for most eligible employees and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share as an incentive compensation measure for certain of our senior executives.

Under the credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facility, our ability to engage in activities such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments and paying dividends is tied to our Leverage Ratio which is partially based on Adjusted EBITDA. Investors also use our Leverage Ratio to assess our ability to service our debt and make other capital allocation decisions.

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA

Management has excluded the following items from net income attributable to TransUnion in order to calculate Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:

• Discontinued operations, net of tax, as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We exclude discontinued operations, net of tax because we believe it does not reflect the underlying and ongoing performance of our business operations.
• Net interest expense is the sum of interest expense and interest income as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Provision for income taxes, as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Depreciation and amortization, as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Stock-based compensation is used as an incentive to engage and retain our employees. It is predominantly a non-cash expense. We exclude stock-based compensation because it may not correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations during the period since it is measured at the grant date fair value and it is subject to variability as a result of performance conditions and timing of grants. These expenses are reported within cost of services and selling, general and administrative on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Operating model optimization program represents employee separation costs, facility lease exit costs, and other business process optimization expenses incurred in connection with the transformation plan discussed further in “Results of Operations – Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations.” We exclude these expenses as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business. Further, these costs will vary and may not be comparable during the transformation initiative as we progress toward an optimized operating model. These costs are reported primarily in selling, general and administrative and restructuring expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Accelerated technology investment includes Project Rise and the final phase of our technology investment announced in November 2023. Project Rise was announced in February 2020 and was originally expected to be completed in 2022. Following our acquisition of Neustar in December 2021, we recognized the opportunity to take advantage of Neustar’s capabilities to enhance and complement our cloud-based technology already under development as part of Project Rise. As a result, we extended Project Rise’s timeline to 2024 and increased the total estimated cost to approximately $240 million. In November 2023, we announced our plans to further leverage Neustar’s technology to standardize and streamline our product delivery platforms and to build a single global platform for fulfillment of our product lines. The additional investment is expected to be approximately $90 million during 2024 and 2025 and represents the final phase of the technology investment in our global technology infrastructure and core customer applications. We expect that the accelerated technology investment will fundamentally transform our technology infrastructure by implementing a global cloud-based approach to streamline product development, increase the efficiency of ongoing operations and maintenance and enable a continuous improvement approach to avoid the need for another major technology overhaul in the foreseeable future. The unique effort to build a secure, reliable and performant hybrid cloud infrastructure requires us to dedicate separate resources in order to develop the new cloud-based infrastructure in parallel with our current on-premise environment by maintaining our existing technology team to ensure no disruptions to our customers. The costs associated with the accelerated technology investment are incremental and redundant costs that will not recur after the program has been completed and are not representative of our underlying operating performance. Therefore, we believe that excluding these costs from our non-GAAP measures provides a better reflection of our ongoing cost structure. These costs are primarily reported in cost of services and therefore do not include amounts that are capitalized as internally developed software.
• Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization expenses are non-recurring expenses associated with specific transactions (exploratory or executed) and consist of (i) transaction and integration costs, (ii) post-acquisition adjustments to contingent consideration or to assets and liabilities that occurred after the acquisition measurement period, (iii) fair value and impairment adjustments related to investments and call and put options, (iv) transition services agreement income, and (v) a loss on disposal of a business. We exclude these expenses as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business operations and vary depending upon the timing of such transactions. These expenses are reported in costs of services, selling, general and administrative and other income and (expenses), net, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Net other adjustments principally relate to: (i) deferred loan fee expense from debt prepayments and refinancing, (ii) currency remeasurement on foreign operations, (iii) other debt financing expenses consisting primarily of revolving credit facility deferred financing fee amortization and commitment fees and expenses associated with ratings agencies and interest rate hedging, (iv) legal and regulatory expenses, net, and (v) other non-operating (income) expense. We exclude these expenses as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business and create variability between periods based on the nature and timing of the expense or income. These costs are reported in selling, general and administrative and in non-operating income and expense, net as applicable based on their nature on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin

Management defines Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenue as reported.

Adjusted Net Income

Management has excluded the following items from net income attributable to TransUnion in order to calculate Adjusted Net Income for the periods presented:

• Discontinued operations, net of tax (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Amortization of certain intangible assets presents non-cash amortization expenses related to assets that arose from our 2012 change in control transaction and business combinations occurring after our 2012 change in control. We exclude these expenses as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business operations and vary dependent upon the timing of the transactions that give rise to these assets. Amortization of intangible assets is included in depreciation and amortization on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Stock-based compensation (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Operating model optimization program (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Accelerated technology investment (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Mergers and acquisitions, divestiture and business optimization (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Net other is consistent with the definition in Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above except that other debt financing expenses and certain other miscellaneous income and expense that are included in the adjustment to calculate Adjusted EBITDA are excluded in the adjustment made to calculate Adjusted Net Income.
• Total adjustments for income taxes relates to the cumulative adjustments discussed below for Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes. This adjustment is made for the reasons indicated in Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes below. Adjustments related to the provision for income taxes are included in the line item by this name on our consolidated statement of operations.

Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share

Management defines Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share as Adjusted Net Income divided by the weighted-average diluted shares outstanding.

Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes

Management has excluded the following items from our provision for income taxes for the periods presented:

• Tax effect of above adjustments represents the income tax effect of the adjustments related to Adjusted Net Income described above. The tax rate applied to each adjustment is based on the nature of each line item. We include the tax effect of the adjustments made to Adjusted Net Income to provide a comprehensive view of our adjusted net income.
• Excess tax expense (benefit) for stock-based compensation is the permanent difference between expenses recognized for book purposes and expenses recognized for tax purposes, in each case related to stock-based compensation expense. We exclude this amount from the Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes in order to be consistent with the exclusion of stock-based compensation from the calculation of Adjusted Net Income.
• Other principally relates to (i) deferred tax adjustments, including rate changes, (ii) infrequent or unusual valuation allowance adjustments, (iii) return to provision, tax authority audit adjustments, and reserves related to prior periods, and (iv) other non-recurring items. We exclude these items because they create variability that impacts comparability between periods.

Adjusted Effective Tax Rate

Management defines Adjusted Effective Tax Rate as Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes divided by Adjusted income from continuing operations before income taxes. We calculate adjusted income from continuing operations before income taxes by excluding the pre-tax adjustments in the calculation of Adjusted Net Income discussed above and noncontrolling interest related to these pre-tax adjustments from income from continuing operations before income taxes.

Leverage Ratio

Management defines Leverage Ratio as net debt divided by Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for the most recent twelve-month period including twelve months of Adjusted EBITDA from significant acquisitions. Since the Leverage Ratio is calculated on a trailing twelve month basis, prior period goodwill impairment is excluded as this expense may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations during that period and may vary significantly between periods. Net debt is defined as total debt less cash and cash equivalents as reported on the balance sheet as of the end of the period.

This earnings release presents constant currency growth rates assuming foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. This earnings release also presents organic constant currency growth rates, which assumes consistent foreign currency exchange rates between years and also eliminates the impact of our recent acquisitions. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and the impacts of recent acquisitions.

Free cash flow is defined as cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures and is a measure we may refer to.

Refer to Schedules 1 through 7 for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

1. Constant Currency (“CC”) growth rates assume foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

2. We have no inorganic revenue or Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented. Organic CC growth rate is the CC growth rate less the inorganic growth rate.

1. Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margins are calculated using segment gross revenue and segment Adjusted EBITDA. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated using total revenue as reported and consolidated Adjusted EBITDA.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the tables above and footnotes below.

1. Consists of restructuring expenses of $16.8 million related to employee separation costs and $1.4 million related to non-cash facility lease impairments, as well as $6.2 million related to business process optimization expenses included primarily in selling, general and administrative.

2. Represents expenses associated with our accelerated technology investment to migrate to the cloud. There are three components of the accelerated technology investment: (i) building foundational capabilities, which includes establishing a modern, API-based and services-oriented software architecture, (ii) the migration of each application and customer data to the new enterprise platform, including the redundant software costs during the migration period, as well as the efforts to decommission the legacy system, and (iii) program enablement, which includes dedicated resources to support the planning and execution of the program. The amounts for each category of cost are as follows:

3. Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

4. Net other consisted of the following adjustments:

5. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA by total revenue.

Each component of earnings per share is calculated independently, therefore, rounding differences exist in the table above.

1. Consists of amortization of intangible assets from our 2012 change-in-control transaction and amortization of intangible assets established in business acquisitions after our 2012 change-in-control transaction.

2. Consists of restructuring expenses of $16.8 million related to employee separation costs and $1.4 million related to non-cash facility lease impairments, as well as $6.2 million related to business process optimization expenses included primarily in selling, general and administrative.

3. Represents expenses associated with our accelerated technology investment to migrate to the cloud. There are three components of the accelerated technology investment: (i) building foundational capabilities which includes establishing a modern, API-based and services-oriented software architecture, (ii) the migration of each application and customer data to the new enterprise platform, including the redundant software costs during the migration period, as well as the efforts to decommission the legacy system, and (iii) program enablement, which includes dedicated resources to support the planning and execution of the program. The amounts for each category of cost are as follows:

4. Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

5. Net other consisted of the following adjustments:

6. Total adjustments for income taxes represents the total of adjustments discussed to calculate the Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

1. Other adjustments for income taxes include:

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

1. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a goodwill impairment of $414.0 million related to our United Kingdom reporting unit in our International segment.

2. Consists of restructuring expenses of $88.7 million related to employee separation costs and $4.8 million related to non-cash facility lease impairments, as well as $8.5 million related to business process optimization expenses included primarily in selling, general and administrative.

3. Represents expenses associated with our accelerated technology investment to migrate to the cloud. There are three components of the accelerated technology investment: (i) building foundational capabilities which includes establishing a modern, API-based and services-oriented software architecture, (ii) the migration of each application and customer data to the new enterprise platform including the redundant software costs during the migration period, as well as the efforts to decommission the legacy system, and (iii) program enablement, which includes dedicated resources to support the planning and execution of the program. The amounts for each category of cost are as follows:

4. Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

5. Net other consisted of the following adjustments:

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

1. These adjustments include the same adjustments we make to our Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income as discussed in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of our Earnings Release.

2. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA by total revenue.

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